The Book of Exodus (
Shemot), chapter 12, describes the Egyptian Passover. After the lamb was killed, the blood was to be put on the doorposts. The lamb was to be roasted in fire and eaten with
matzah (unleavened bread) and bitter herbs (Exodus [
Shemot] 12:7-8.
Purging Leaven From the House (Bedikat HaMetz)G-d gave a ceremony of searching and removing leaven from the house prior to the festival of Unleavened Bread in preparation for the festival. In Hebrew, this ceremony is called
Bedikat HaMetz, which means "the search for leaven" The ceremony is as follows:
The preparation for searching and removing the leaven (
Bedikat HaMetz) from the house actually begins before Passover (
Pesach). First, the wife thoroughly cleans the house to remove all leaven (
HaMetz) from it. In the Bible, leaven (
HaMetz) is symbolic of sin.
Spiritual Application (Halacha). Spiritually, the believers in the Messiah
Yeshua are the house of G-d (Hebrews 3:6; 1 Peter 2:5; 1 Timothy 3:15; Ephesians 2:19). Leaven (sin) is to be cleaned out of our house, which is our body (1 Corinthians 3:16-17; 6:19-20; 2 Corinthians 6:15-18.
In cleaning the house, the wife is instructed to purposely leave ten small pieces of leaven (bread) in the house. Then the father takes the children, along with a candle, a wooden spoon, a feather, and a piece of linen cloth, and searches through the house for the ten pieces of leaven. By nightfall on the day before Passover (
Pesach), a final and comprehensive search is performed. At this time, the house is completely dark except for the candles. Once the father finds the leaven (bread), he sets the candle down by the leaven and lays the wooden spoon beside the leaven. Then he uses the feather to sweep the leaven onto the spoon. Without touching the leaven, he takes the feather, spoon, and leaven, wraps them in a linen cloth, and casts them out of the door of the house. The next morning (the fourteenth of Nisan), he goes into the synagogue and puts the linen cloth and its contents into a fire to be burned.
Spiritual Application (Halacha). Spiritually, we are to cleanse the leaven (sin) from our houses (lives) by allowing the Holy Spirit (
Ruach HaKodesh) to reveal to us, through the knowledge of
Yeshua and the Scriptures, the sin that is in our lives. It is only through G-d's Word that we are able to identify sin in our lives as it is written in Psalm (
Tehillim) 119:105, "Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path." So the spiritual understanding of the candle is that it represents the Word of G-d. The feather represents the Holy Spirit (
Ruach HaKodesh). Even though we have the Word of G-d, we need the Spirit of G-d (
Ruach HaKodesh) to illuminate the entire Bible to us, including the Torah and the
Tanach (1 Corinthians 2:11-14).
Messianic Fulfillment. The spoon represents the tree that
Yeshua died upon (Deuteronomy [
Devarim 21:22-23). The leaven (
HaMetz) (sin) was swept on the spoon (the tree) as part of the ceremony. Likewise, our sin was swept or cast upon
Yeshua (2 Corinthians 5:21) when
Yeshua died upon the tree. The leaven (
Yeshua upon the tree) was then wrapped in linen and
Yeshua was cast out of His house (His body) and went to hell, which is a place of burning (Luke 16:19-24). Thus He fulfilled the part of the ceremony where the father takes the linen cloth and its contents and casts it into the fire to be burned.
The Fifteenth of Nisan -- Purging Out of SinThe fifteenth of Nisan (
Hag HaMatzah) marks the beginning of a seven-day feast period when Israel was to eat bread without leaven (sin) in remembrance of their baking Unleavened bread in their haste to escape Egypt. The primary theme of this feast is the purging out of leaven (sin). Historically, there are two notable events that happened on this day.
- The Exodus journey beginning from Egypt (Exodus [Shemot] 12:41). In Deuteronomy (Devarim) 16:3, the bread is referred to as "the bread of affliction."
- The burial of Yeshua after His crucifixion, who is the Bread of Life (John [Yochanan] 6:35). In fact, the place of Yeshua's birth, Bethlehem, comes from two Hebrew words, beit and lechem. Be it means "house" and lechem means "bread." So, Bethlehem means house of bread. Therefore, Yeshua, who is the Bread of G-d, was born at a place called the house of bread.
The festivals are fixed appointments (
mo'ed) of G-d specifying what He will perform and the exact time He will perform it. The Jews had to hurry to put
Yeshua's body in the ground because the sabbath was drawing near. This sabbath was a high sabbath and the first day of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15). This can be found in (John [
Yochanan] 19:31). This would mean that Yeshua died on the fourteenth of Nisan, the day of Passover.
Yeshua was in the sepulcher the day following His crucifixion, which was the fifteenth of Nisan, the first day of Unleavened Bread.